N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAG), a sulphur-containing amino acid for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and paracetamol overdose, is now a widely available off-the-shelf antioxidant supplement in most countries. It has been shown to have an... anti-inflammatory effect in the blood vessels and has also been shown to inhibit the formation of new blood clots. It also inhibits the release of nitric oxide (NO) from the muscular fibres' ATP. Thus, it acts as an anti-inflammatory agent in the blood vessels. This ability of N-Acetyl-Cysteine to regulate blood pressure, although it has not yet been proved clinically, has made it highly recommended in patients with mild hypertension and atherosclerosis. However, it is more effective when used in conjunction with other treatments, such as paracetamol.
N-Acetyl-Cysteine was introduced into clinical practice in the early 1990s when researchers identified a genetic condition called X-linked depression or X-linked kidney disease (WDMD). In this condition, neurons within the ventricular zone are labelled with a single base pair instead of the standard three base pairs. Because of this, neurons in this condition do not respond to the traditional biochemical therapy. Fail to respond to N-acetyl-cysteine or another antioxidant. By introducing N-acetyl-cysteine into the body of these people with WDMD. Their brains did react to the treatment. This led the researchers to conclude that the therapy helps treat these patients with the diseases above.
In clinical trials, n-acetylcysteine was shown to be effective in treating several forms of psychiatric disorders, including major depressive episodes, post-traumatic stress disorder, social anxiety disorder, and psychosis. It also was found to be effective in the treatment of non-organic schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder. One of the most exciting results from the psychiatric N-Acetyl-Cysteine studies was that women treated with N-Acetylcysteine had significantly lower risks of having a psychiatric adverse event than women in the placebo group. The results also showed an increased rate of participants achieving remission or "recovery" from their disorders. Thus, N-Acetyl-Cysteine has been found to effectively treat conditions such as schizophrenia, major depression, dysthymia, and bipolar affective disorder and has also shown promise in treating non-organic diseases.
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